Proportional Response

A friend of mine confided in me that he had a rush from killing in combat. He said that he recognized that this rush could turn into addiction and talked to his CO about re-assignment. His was a case of not enough killing, when usually people want out of the killing. He was re-assigned and sought help. He got the help he needed and was able to resume his duties as an operator. For a while there he thought his career was over.
This is an extreme case of violence getting the best of a good person. In my case, I abhor violence. Everyone reacts differently to violence and deals with it in their own way. Thankfully, my exposure to it has been limited which is probably the reason for my abhorrence. I try to avoid it at all costs.
So what is proportional defense?
The following is from FindLaw, a site to help law students and professors. As with all things, this should not be construed as legal advice. I am not a lawyer. (My son-in-law is in law school and we get in these discussions all the time.)
https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-law-basics/self-defense-overview.html
“It is a universally accepted principle that a person may protect themselves from harm under appropriate circumstances, even when that behavior would normally constitute a crime. In the United States legal system, each state allows a defendant to claim self-defense when accused of a violent crime, as does the federal government. The specific rules pertaining to self-defense vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, however. This article offers explanations of the broad concepts that make up self-defense law in the US, but you should check the laws of your particular jurisdiction to understand the specific requirements for a claim of self-defense.
Introduction
Self-defense is defined as the right to prevent suffering force or violence through the use of a sufficient level of counteracting force or violence. This definition is simple enough on its face, but it raises many questions when applied to actual situations. For instance, what is a sufficient level of force or violence when defending oneself? What goes beyond that level? What if the intended victim provoked the attack? Do victims have to retreat from the violence if possible? What happens when victims reasonably perceive a threat even if the threat doesn’t actually exist? What about when the victim’s apprehension is subjectively genuine, but objectively unreasonable?
As you can see, self-defense is more complicated than it first appears. In order to handle the myriad situations where self-defense arises, states have developed rules to determine when self-defense is allowed and how much force a victim can use to protect themselves. As mentioned, the exact rules differ between states, but the considerations are largely the same.
Is the Threat Imminent?
As a general rule, self-defense only justifies the use of force when it is used in response to an immediate threat. The threat can be verbal, as long as it puts the intended victim in an immediate fear of physical harm. Offensive words without an accompanying threat of immediate physical harm, however, do not justify the use of force in self-defense.
Moreover, the use of force in self-defense generally loses justification once the threat has ended. For example, if an aggressor assaults a victim but then ends the assault and indicates that there is no longer any threat of violence, then the threat of danger has ended. Any use of force by the victim against the assailant at that point would be considered retaliatory and not self-defense.
Was the Fear of Harm Reasonable?
Sometimes self-defense is justified even if the perceived aggressor didn’t actually mean the perceived victim any harm. What matters in these situations is whether a “reasonable person” in the same situation would have perceived an immediate threat of physical harm. The concept of the “reasonable person” is a legal conceit that is subject to differing interpretations in practice, but it is the legal system’s best tool to determine whether a person’s perception of imminent danger justified the use of protective force.
To illustrate, picture two strangers walking past each other in a city park. Unbeknownst to one, there is a bee buzzing around his head. The other person sees this and, trying to be friendly, reaches quickly towards the other to try and swat the bee away. The person with the bee by his head sees a stranger’s hand dart towards his face and violently hits the other person’s hand away. While this would normally amount to an assault, a court could easily find that the sudden movement of a stranger’s hand towards a person’s face would cause a reasonable man to conclude that he was in danger of immediate physical harm, which would render the use of force a justifiable exercise of the right of self-defense. All this in spite of the fact that the perceived assailant meant no harm; in fact, he was actually trying to help!
Imperfect Self-defense
Sometimes a person may have a genuine fear of imminent physical harm that is objectively unreasonable. If the person uses force to defend themselves from the perceived threat, the situation is known as “imperfect self-defense.” Imperfect self-defense does not excuse a person from the crime of using violence, but it can lessen the charges and penalties involved. Not every state recognizes imperfect self-defense, however.
For example, a person is waiting for a friend at a coffee shop. When the friend arrives, he walks toward the other person with his hand held out for a handshake. The person who had been waiting genuinely fears that his friend means to attack him, even though this fear is totally unreasonable. In order to avoid the perceived threat, the person punches his friend in the face. While the person’s claim of self-defense will not get him out of any criminal charges because of the unreasonable nature of his perception, it could reduce the severity of the charges or the eventual punishment.
Some states also consider instances where the person claiming self-defense provoked the attack as imperfect self-defense. For example, if a person creates a conflict that becomes violent then unintentionally kills the other party while defending himself, a claim of self-defense might reduce the charges or punishment, but would not excuse the killing entirely.
Proportional Response
The use of self-defense must also match the level of the threat in question. In other words, a person can only employ as much force as required to remove the threat. If the threat involves deadly force, the person defending themselves can use deadly force to counteract the threat. If, however, the threat involves only minor force and the person claiming self-defense uses force that could cause grievous bodily harm or death, the claim of self-defense will fail.
Duty to Retreat
The original laws regarding self-defense required people claiming self-defense to first make an attempt to avoid the violence before using force. This is also known as a “duty to retreat.” While most states have removed this rule for instances involving the use of nonlethal force, many states still require that a person make an attempt to escape the situation before applying lethal force.
Stand Your Ground
In contrast to the duty to retreat, many states have enacted so-called “stand your ground” laws. These laws remove the duty to retreat and allow for a claim of self-defense even if the claimant did nothing to flee from the threat of violence. As mentioned above, this is the more common rule when situations involve nonlethal force. States are split on the stand your ground principle when lethal force is in play, however.
Castle Doctrine
Even in states that require a person to retreat from the threat of imminent harm before defending themselves, a person can often use deadly force against someone who unlawfully enters their home. This rule, also known as “the castle doctrine,” allows people to defend their homes against intruder through lethal force. Like most of these rules, the exact result will vary according to the jurisdiction and the specific facts of the case, so it’s always a good idea to consult an attorney to learn more.”

I suggest the 5 elements of justified use of force. They are:
Innocence. Who is the aggressor? Don’t be the aggressor but be ready.
Imminence. What signs are there that an attack will happen? Are they reasonable signs?
Reasonableness. Knowledge of the attacker. What you can ascertain about your attacker. The exception is where there is a disparity of force. Typical examples of disparity of force include a big guy attacking a smaller guy, a man attacking a woman, a healthy person attacking an infirm person, or a trained fighter attacking an untrained person.
Avoidance. Regardless of law (but you should know the law in your state) as a lethal weapon carrier, you should always avoid an altercation if you can. It’s also wise legally, to show that you went out of your way to avoid the situation.
Proportionality. Once the threat is stopped anything else is excess. If you hit your attacker and they go down and don’t move or you shoot them and they go down and don’t move, further injury or violence against them will be assault or possibly attempted murder. If the threat persists, you must stop the threat.
I have never had the misfortune to have to defend my actions of self-defense. The only incident I have had was clear to law enforcement, and nothing happened to me. But as concealed carriers we must be aware of the implications and responsibilities that accompany carrying a lethal weapon.
Having a little knowledge of these things is good, but consulting a lawyer is better. There are many pro 2nd amendment lawyers out there. There is also some legal defense insurance programs out there to protect yourself in the event of a defensive shooting. Here are four:
United States Concealed Carry Association (USCCA)
Armed Citizens Legal Defense Network, Inc. (ACLDN)
U.S. Law Shield
NRA’s Carry Guard
Being aware of the laws in your state and the states you visit is very important. You risk a lot not knowing them. There are also classes you can take for this but most states include their laws in their concealed carry classes for their license.

Semper Paratus
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